转:http://www.cnblogs.com/phpdragon/archive/2012/06/10/2544171.html
http://blog.csdn.net/cwt0408/article/details/6955613
最近工作的内容使用到了接口!
对于系统接口:
现下接触的有两种!
1、URL类型的接口
URL路由带参数式的接口!这个很好做!只要有过Web开发经验的人都能完成!
这种接口数据不够隐蔽性,可以直接在浏览其中看到,
如支付宝的交易请求URL。需要加一个MD5签名,和服务器端的再次向支付宝服务器发送验证!
虽然soap方式传递的数据隐蔽性很好!但为了数据安全,难免也需要进行数据签名。
2、SOAP类型的接口
无关编程语言、无关平台、扩展性很好
要实现一个SOAP 型的接口,有两种方式:一种有WSDL文件方式、一中无WSDL文件方式!
对于热爱研究型的人来说,使用第一种方式可以让你清楚的了解PHP是怎么创建了一个Web Service!
但第一种对于新手来说,创建一个XML格式的WSDL文件,是比较难的,这你的先了解熟悉什么是XML!
学会XML语法!
但对于一个急于解决问题的人来说!没有这么多的时间去熟悉!所以这是件烦恼的事!
不过不急,上面说了,还有一种无需WSDL文件的方式!而且,本讲解还提供了一个自动生成WSDL文件的类!
讲解前,先配置下PHP的soap环境支持:
找到php.ini文件
;extension=php_soap.dll
删除掉";" ,重启apache服务器
一、有WSDL文件方式
在这里先介绍标准的webservice。
那么如何创建wsdl呢?对于PHP来说这确实是件很不容易的事情,有人说用zend studio创建很方便,这是一种方法。但对于那些不喜欢用zend studio的人来说,会觉得创建一个web service还要安装zend studio,太强人所难了。
在这里介绍一个简单的方法,到网上下载SoapDiscovery.class.php类,里面有个公用方法:getWSDL,这个方法末尾是用的return,那么,你修改一下这个方法:
//return sprintf('%s%s%s%s%s%s', $headerWSDL, $portTypeWSDL, $bindingWSDL, $serviceWSDL, $messageWSDL, '</definitions>');
//生成wsdl文件,将上面的return注释
$fso = fopen($this->class_name . ".wsdl" , "w");
fwrite($fso, sprintf('%s%s%s%s%s%s', $headerWSDL, $portTypeWSDL, $bindingWSDL, $serviceWSDL, $messageWSDL, '</definitions>'));
现在生成wsdl的类有了,SoapDiscovery.class.php(源码在最末尾)。
再准备一个提供服务的Service.php类文件或者函数就可以创建wsdl了!
<?php class Service { public function HelloWorld() { return "Hello"; } public function Add($a, $b) { return $a + $b; } } ?>
创建wsdl文件的creat_wsdl.php
<?php include("Service.php"); include("SoapDiscovery.class.php"); $disco = new SoapDiscovery('Service', 'soap'); //第一个参数是类名(生成的wsdl文件就是以它来命名的),即Service类,第二个参数是服务的名字(这个可以随便写)。 $disco->getWSDL();
运行create_wsdl.php文件,此时会生成一个Service.wsdl的文件
再在Service.php文件中添加一些代码
<?php class Service { public function HelloWorld() { return "Hello"; } public function Add($a, $b) { return $a + $b; } } $server = new SoapServer('Service.wsdl', array('soap_version' => SOAP_1_2)); $server->setClass("Service"); //注册Service类的所有方法 $server->handle(); //处理请求 ?>
创建webservice客户端程序,测试webservice是否有效,文件名是:client.php
将以下内容拷贝进去:
<?php ini_set('soap.wsdl_cache_enabled', "0"); //关闭wsdl缓存 $soap = new SoapClient('http://localhost/Dragon/soap/Service.php?wsdl'); echo $soap->Add(28, 2); echo $soap->__soapCall('Add',array(28,2))//或这样调用
OK!测试通过!
二、无WSDL文件方式
服务器端
<?php class Service { public function HelloWorld() { return "Hello"; } public function Add($a,$b) { return $a+$b; } } $server=new SoapServer(null,array('uri' => "abcd")); $server->setClass("Service"); $server->handle();
客户端
<?php try { $soap = new SoapClient(null, array( "location" => "http://localhost/Dragon/soap/Service.php", "uri" => "abcd", //资源描述符服务器和客户端必须对应 "style" => SOAP_RPC, "use" => SOAP_ENCODED )); echo $soap->Add(12, 2); } catch (Exction $e) { echo print_r($e->getMessage(), true); }
三.出现的问题。
1.在方法中对属性的赋值在其他方法中不起作用。
比如在客户端调用服务端某个方法对某个属性赋值。
在其他方法里就不能用。但在 __construct 方法中对属性的赋值是可以个在其他方法中使用的。
2. 提示 Client] looks like we got no XML document错误。
服务器端文件在<?php ?> 标签前后都不要有任何数据包括空格,空行。
3. Warning: SoapClient::SoapClient(): I/O warning : failed to load external entity
原因如下:PHP程序作为 SOAP客户端 采用 WSDL 模式访问远端服务器的时候,PHP是通过调用 libcurl 实现的。至少在 PHP5.2.X 是这样的。如果采用 non-WSDL 模式,就不需要 libcurl。除了 了ibcurl以外,至少还关联的库包括:libidn,ibgcc,libiconv,libintl,openssl
现在,你已经解决你了系统接口的问题了!剩下的空余时间,就有必要去了解什么是SOAP、http协议、XML了!
SoapDiscovery.class.php 文件
修正版:
根据YII 的CWsdlGenerator改变而来,
增加了接口参数的类型识别;
使用前需使用IDE对方法名进行注释,方可自动生成有效的WSDL文件。(具体原因可查看代码processMethod方法中的115行)
调用方法:
<?php include(dirname(__FILE__) . './SoapDiscovery.class.php'); $disco = new SoapDiscovery(); $disco->getWSDL('service', 'http://www.xxx.com/service.php'); ?>
<?php /** * CWsdlGenerator class file. * * @author Qiang Xue <qiang.xue@gmail.com> * @link http://www.yiiframework.com/ * @copyright Copyright © 2008-2011 Yii Software LLC * @license http://www.yiiframework.com/license/ */ /** * CWsdlGenerator generates the WSDL for a given service class. * * The WSDL generation is based on the doc comments found in the service class file. * In particular, it recognizes the '@soap' tag in the comment and extracts * API method and type definitions. * * In a service class, a remote invokable method must be a public method with a doc * comment block containing the '@soap' tag. In the doc comment, the type and name * of every input parameter and the type of the return value should be declared using * the standard phpdoc format. * * CWsdlGenerator recognizes the following primitive types (case-sensitive) in * the parameter and return type declarations: * <ul> * <li>str/string: maps to xsd:string;</li> * <li>int/integer: maps to xsd:int;</li> * <li>float/double: maps to xsd:float;</li> * <li>bool/boolean: maps to xsd:boolean;</li> * <li>date: maps to xsd:date;</li> * <li>time: maps to xsd:time;</li> * <li>datetime: maps to xsd:dateTime;</li> * <li>array: maps to xsd:string;</li> * <li>object: maps to xsd:struct;</li> * <li>mixed: maps to xsd:anyType.</li> * </ul> * * If a type is not a primitive type, it is considered as a class type, and * CWsdlGenerator will look for its property declarations. Only public properties * are considered, and they each must be associated with a doc comment block containg * the '@soap' tag. The doc comment block should declare the type of the property. * * CWsdlGenerator recognizes the array type with the following format: * <pre> * typeName[]: maps to tns:typeNameArray * </pre> * * The following is an example declaring a remote invokable method: * <pre> * / ** * * A foo method. * * @param string name of something * * @param string value of something * * @return string[] some array * * @soap * * / * public function foo($name,$value) {...} * </pre> * * And the following is an example declaring a class with remote accessible properties: * <pre> * class Foo { * / ** * * @var string name of foo * * @soap * * / * public $name; * / ** * * @var Member[] members of foo * * @soap * * / * public $members; * } * </pre> * In the above, the 'members' property is an array of 'Member' objects. Since 'Member' is not * a primitive type, CWsdlGenerator will look further to find the definition of 'Member'. * * @author Qiang Xue <qiang.xue@gmail.com> * @version $Id: CWsdlGenerator.php 2799 2011-01-01 19:31:13Z qiang.xue $ * @package system.web.services * @since 1.0 */ class SoapDiscovery { /** * @var string the namespace to be used in the generated WSDL. * If not set, it defaults to the name of the class that WSDL is generated upon. */ public $namespace; /** * @var string the name of the generated WSDL. * If not set, it defaults to "urn:{$className}wsdl". */ public $serviceName; private $_operations; private $_types; private $_messages; /** * Generates the WSDL for the given class. * @param string $className class name * @param string $serviceUrl Web service URL * @param string $encoding encoding of the WSDL. Defaults to 'UTF-8'. * @return string the generated WSDL */ public function getWSDL($className, $serviceUrl, $encoding = 'UTF-8') { $this->_operations = array(); $this->_types = array(); $this->_messages = array(); if ($this->serviceName === null) $this->serviceName = $className; if ($this->namespace === null) $this->namespace = "urn:{$className}wsdl"; $reflection = new ReflectionClass($className); foreach ($reflection->getMethods() as $method) { if ($method->isPublic()) $this->processMethod($method); } //return $this->buildDOM($serviceUrl, $encoding)->saveXML(); $fso = fopen($this->serviceName . ".wsdl", "w"); fwrite($fso, $this->buildDOM($serviceUrl, $encoding)->saveXML()); } /* * @param ReflectionMethod $method method */ private function processMethod($method) { $comment = $method->getDocComment(); if (strpos($comment, '@soap') === false) return; $methodName = $method->getName(); $comment = preg_replace('/^\s*\**(\s*?$|\s*)/m', '', $comment); $params = $method->getParameters(); $message = array(); $n = preg_match_all('/^@param\s+([\w\.]+(\[\s*\])?)\s*?(.*)$/im', $comment, $matches); if ($n > count($params)) $n = count($params); for ($i = 0; $i < $n; ++$i) $message[$params[$i]->getName()] = array($this->processType($matches[1][$i]), trim($matches[3][$i])); // name => type, doc $this->_messages[$methodName . 'Request'] = $message; if (preg_match('/^@return\s+([\w\.]+(\[\s*\])?)\s*?(.*)$/im', $comment, $matches)) $return = array($this->processType($matches[1]), trim($matches[2])); // type, doc else $return = null; $this->_messages[$methodName . 'Response'] = array('return' => $return); if (preg_match('/^\/\*+\s*([^@]*?)\n@/s', $comment, $matches)) $doc = trim($matches[1]); else $doc = ''; $this->_operations[$methodName] = $doc; } /* * @param string $type PHP variable type */ private function processType($type) { static $typeMap = array( 'string' => 'xsd:string', 'str' => 'xsd:string', 'int' => 'xsd:int', 'integer' => 'xsd:integer', 'float' => 'xsd:float', 'double' => 'xsd:float', 'bool' => 'xsd:boolean', 'boolean' => 'xsd:boolean', 'date' => 'xsd:date', 'time' => 'xsd:time', 'datetime' => 'xsd:dateTime', 'array' => 'soap-enc:Array', 'object' => 'xsd:struct', 'mixed' => 'xsd:anyType', ); if (isset($typeMap[$type])) return $typeMap[$type]; else if (isset($this->_types[$type])) return is_array($this->_types[$type]) ? 'tns:' . $type : $this->_types[$type]; else if (($pos = strpos($type, '[]')) !== false) { // if it is an array $type = substr($type, 0, $pos); if (isset($typeMap[$type])) $this->_types[$type . '[]'] = 'xsd:' . $type . 'Array'; else { $this->_types[$type . '[]'] = 'tns:' . $type . 'Array'; $this->processType($type); } return $this->_types[$type . '[]']; } } /* * @param string $serviceUrl Web service URL * @param string $encoding encoding of the WSDL. Defaults to 'UTF-8'. */ private function buildDOM($serviceUrl, $encoding) { $xml = "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"$encoding\"?> <definitions name=\"{$this->serviceName}\" targetNamespace=\"{$this->namespace}\" xmlns=\"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/\" xmlns:tns=\"{$this->namespace}\" xmlns:soap=\"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/soap/\" xmlns:xsd=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema\" xmlns:wsdl=\"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/\" xmlns:soap-enc=\"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/\"></definitions>"; $dom = new DOMDocument(); $dom->loadXml($xml); $this->addTypes($dom); $this->addMessages($dom); $this->addPortTypes($dom); $this->addBindings($dom); $this->addService($dom, $serviceUrl); return $dom; } /* * @param DOMDocument $dom Represents an entire HTML or XML document; serves as the root of the document tree */ private function addTypes($dom) { if ($this->_types === array()) return; $types = $dom->createElement('wsdl:types'); $schema = $dom->createElement('xsd:schema'); $schema->setAttribute('targetNamespace', $this->namespace); foreach ($this->_types as $phpType => $xmlType) { if (is_string($xmlType) && strrpos($xmlType, 'Array') !== strlen($xmlType) - 5) continue; // simple type $complexType = $dom->createElement('xsd:complexType'); if (is_string($xmlType)) { if (($pos = strpos($xmlType, 'tns:')) !== false) $complexType->setAttribute('name', substr($xmlType, 4)); else $complexType->setAttribute('name', $xmlType); $complexContent = $dom->createElement('xsd:complexContent'); $restriction = $dom->createElement('xsd:restriction'); $restriction->setAttribute('base', 'soap-enc:Array'); $attribute = $dom->createElement('xsd:attribute'); $attribute->setAttribute('ref', 'soap-enc:arrayType'); $attribute->setAttribute('wsdl:arrayType', substr($xmlType, 0, strlen($xmlType) - 5) . '[]'); $restriction->appendChild($attribute); $complexContent->appendChild($restriction); $complexType->appendChild($complexContent); } else if (is_array($xmlType)) { $complexType->setAttribute('name', $phpType); $all = $dom->createElement('xsd:all'); foreach ($xmlType as $name => $type) { $element = $dom->createElement('xsd:element'); $element->setAttribute('name', $name); $element->setAttribute('type', $type[0]); $all->appendChild($element); } $complexType->appendChild($all); } $schema->appendChild($complexType); $types->appendChild($schema); } $dom->documentElement->appendChild($types); } /* * @param DOMDocument $dom Represents an entire HTML or XML document; serves as the root of the document tree */ private function addMessages($dom) { foreach ($this->_messages as $name => $message) { $element = $dom->createElement('wsdl:message'); $element->setAttribute('name', $name); foreach ($this->_messages[$name] as $partName => $part) { if (is_array($part)) { $partElement = $dom->createElement('wsdl:part'); $partElement->setAttribute('name', $partName); $partElement->setAttribute('type', $part[0]); $element->appendChild($partElement); } } $dom->documentElement->appendChild($element); } } /* * @param DOMDocument $dom Represents an entire HTML or XML document; serves as the root of the document tree */ private function addPortTypes($dom) { $portType = $dom->createElement('wsdl:portType'); $portType->setAttribute('name', $this->serviceName . 'PortType'); $dom->documentElement->appendChild($portType); foreach ($this->_operations as $name => $doc) $portType->appendChild($this->createPortElement($dom, $name, $doc)); } /* * @param DOMDocument $dom Represents an entire HTML or XML document; serves as the root of the document tree * @param string $name method name * @param string $doc doc */ private function createPortElement($dom, $name, $doc) { $operation = $dom->createElement('wsdl:operation'); $operation->setAttribute('name', $name); $input = $dom->createElement('wsdl:input'); $input->setAttribute('message', 'tns:' . $name . 'Request'); $output = $dom->createElement('wsdl:output'); $output->setAttribute('message', 'tns:' . $name . 'Response'); $operation->appendChild($dom->createElement('wsdl:documentation', $doc)); $operation->appendChild($input); $operation->appendChild($output); return $operation; } /* * @param DOMDocument $dom Represents an entire HTML or XML document; serves as the root of the document tree */ private function addBindings($dom) { $binding = $dom->createElement('wsdl:binding'); $binding->setAttribute('name', $this->serviceName . 'Binding'); $binding->setAttribute('type', 'tns:' . $this->serviceName . 'PortType'); $soapBinding = $dom->createElement('soap:binding'); $soapBinding->setAttribute('style', 'rpc'); $soapBinding->setAttribute('transport', 'http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/http'); $binding->appendChild($soapBinding); $dom->documentElement->appendChild($binding); foreach ($this->_operations as $name => $doc) $binding->appendChild($this->createOperationElement($dom, $name)); } /* * @param DOMDocument $dom Represents an entire HTML or XML document; serves as the root of the document tree * @param string $name method name */ private function createOperationElement($dom, $name) { $operation = $dom->createElement('wsdl:operation'); $operation->setAttribute('name', $name); $soapOperation = $dom->createElement('soap:operation'); $soapOperation->setAttribute('soapAction', $this->namespace . '#' . $name); $soapOperation->setAttribute('style', 'rpc'); $input = $dom->createElement('wsdl:input'); $output = $dom->createElement('wsdl:output'); $soapBody = $dom->createElement('soap:body'); $soapBody->setAttribute('use', 'encoded'); $soapBody->setAttribute('namespace', $this->namespace); $soapBody->setAttribute('encodingStyle', 'http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/'); $input->appendChild($soapBody); $output->appendChild(clone $soapBody); $operation->appendChild($soapOperation); $operation->appendChild($input); $operation->appendChild($output); return $operation; } /* * @param DOMDocument $dom Represents an entire HTML or XML document; serves as the root of the document tree * @param string $serviceUrl Web service URL */ private function addService($dom, $serviceUrl) { $service = $dom->createElement('wsdl:service'); $service->setAttribute('name', $this->serviceName . 'Service'); $port = $dom->createElement('wsdl:port'); $port->setAttribute('name', $this->serviceName . 'Port'); $port->setAttribute('binding', 'tns:' . $this->serviceName . 'Binding'); $soapAddress = $dom->createElement('soap:address'); $soapAddress->setAttribute('location', $serviceUrl); $port->appendChild($soapAddress); $service->appendChild($port); $dom->documentElement->appendChild($service); } }