linux常用命令

打开putty,双击桌面putty,然后双击bananapi，然后输入密码

如果命令输入错误，或按回车没有反应，那么直接ctrl+c中止该命令

Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent
permitted by applicable law.
Last login: Thu Nov 24 10:26:41 2016 from 192.168.199.112
pi@bananapi ~ $

然后切换到root账号

pi@bananapi ~ $ sudo    su
root@bananapi /home/pi #

1、pwd 当前目录

root@bananapi /home/pi # pwd
/home/pi

2、cd 切换目录

root@bananapi /home/pi # cd    ~
root@bananapi ~ #

root@bananapi ~ # pwd
/root

3、ls -lrht 显示

http://www.2cto.com/os/201305/213782.html

drwxr-xr-x       4        oracle        dba        4096       May 20 11:47        oralog1 

root@bananapi /home/pi # ls   -rlht
total 140K
drwxr-xr-x  6  501 staff 4.0K Apr 12  2014 nodejs
lrwxrwxrwx  1 pi   pi      44 Aug  8  2014 pistore.desktop -> /usr/share/indiecity/pistore/pistore.desktop
drwxr-xr-x  2 pi   pi    4.0K Aug  8  2014 Scratch
drwxr-xr-x  3 pi   pi    4.0K Aug  8  2014 Documents
lrwxrwxrwx  1 pi   pi      16 Aug  8  2014 squeak -> /home/pi/.squeak
drwxr-xr-x  2 pi   pi    4.0K Aug 22  2014 Desktop
drwxr-xr-x  3 pi   pi    4.0K Aug 22  2014 scratchgpio5
drwxr-xr-x  2 pi   pi    4.0K Aug  3  2015 BPI_M1_M1Plus
drwxr-xr-x 10 pi   pi    4.0K Aug  3  2015 BPI-WiringPi
drwxrwxr-x 13 pi   pi    4.0K Nov  9  2015 mosquitto-1.4.5
drwxrwxr-x  2 pi   pi    4.0K Jun 28 10:40 python_games
drwx------  3 pi   pi    4.0K Jul 12 11:38 ittun_linuxarm
drwxr-xr-x  5 pi   pi    4.0K Aug 31 07:59 node_modules
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root  4.0K Sep  6 11:18 opencv
drwxr-xr-x  4 root root  4.0K Nov  3 09:22 baiduyun
drwxr-xr-x  5 root root  4.0K Nov  3 15:06 build
drwxr-xr-x  6 root root  4.0K Nov 10 10:01 you-get-develop
drwxr-xr-x  2 pi   pi    4.0K Nov 10 16:05 opi1602
drwxr-xr-x  4 root root  4.0K Nov 22 10:40 xunlei
-rwxr-xr-x  1 pi   pi     250 Nov 22 15:10 getip.sh
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   63K Nov 22 17:29 lesson1.sql
-rwxr-xr-x  1 root root   250 Nov 23 09:36 checkittun.sh

4、free -m 内存

root@bananapi /home/pi # free    -m
             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:           874        215        658          0          7        144
-/+ buffers/cache:         63        810
Swap:           99          0         99

5、df -h 磁盘空间

root@bananapi /home/pi # df    -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
rootfs          7.3G  3.5G  3.6G  50% /
/dev/root       7.3G  3.5G  3.6G  50% /
devtmpfs        438M     0  438M   0% /dev
tmpfs            88M  268K   88M   1% /run
tmpfs           5.0M     0  5.0M   0% /run/lock
tmpfs           175M     0  175M   0% /run/shm
/dev/mmcblk0p1   56M   15M   42M  26% /boot
/dev/sda1       459G  272G  164G  63% /mnt/smallinchDisk
tmpfs            20M   15M  5.5M  73% /var/log
tmpfs            50M  440K   50M   1% /tmp
tmpfs            20M   15M  5.5M  73% /var/log
tmpfs            50M  440K   50M   1% /tmp
tmpfs            20M   15M  5.5M  73% /var/log
tmpfs            50M  440K   50M   1% /tmp

6、uptime 运行时间

root@bananapi /home/pi # uptime
 10:07:36 up 19:30,  1 user,  load average: 0.24, 0.10, 0.07

7、touch 创建文件

root@bananapi /home/pi # touch    1.txt
root@bananapi /home/pi # ls    1.txt
1.txt

8、echo 输出

root@bananapi /home/pi # echo    "1">1.txt
root@bananapi /home/pi # echo    "one">>1.txt

9、cat 显示内容

root@bananapi /home/pi # cat    1.txt
1
one

10、cp 复制

root@bananapi /home/pi # ls    2.txt   //2.txt该文件一开始不存在
ls: cannot access 2.txt: No such file or directory
root@bananapi /home/pi # cp    1.txt    2.txt  //当执行完复制命令后即存在
root@bananapi /home/pi # ls    2.txt
2.txt

11、mv 移动

root@bananapi /home/pi # ls    2.txt
2.txt
root@bananapi /home/pi # mv    2.txt    /home  //执行完移动命令后,2.txt文件不存在
root@bananapi /home/pi # ls    2.txt
ls: cannot access 2.txt: No such file or directory
root@bananapi /home/pi # ls    /home/2.txt
/home/2.txt

12、ifconfig ip地址

root@bananapi /home/pi # ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 02:4a:04:82:54:55
          inet addr:192.168.199.118  Bcast:192.168.199.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::4a:4ff:fe82:5455/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:150271 errors:0 dropped:20 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:86141 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:77203717 (73.6 MiB)  TX bytes:50480691 (48.1 MiB)
          Interrupt:117 Base address:0xc000

13、find 查找

root@bananapi /home/pi # find    .    -name    "*.txt"
./nodejs/lib/node_modules/npm/node_modules/request/node_modules/tough-cookie/public-suffix.txt
./nodejs/lib/node_modules/npm/node_modules/request/node_modules/tough-cookie/node_modules/punycode/LICENSE-MIT.txt
./nodejs/lib/node_modules/npm/node_modules/request/node_modules/tough-cookie/node_modules/punycode/LICENSE-GPL.txt
./nodejs/lib/node_modules/npm/node_modules/request/node_modules/tough-cookie/node_modules/punycode/vendor/docdown/LICENSE.txt
./nodejs/lib/node_modules/npm/node_modules/path-is-inside/LICENSE.txt
./nodejs/lib/node_modules/npm/node_modules/opener/LICENSE.txt
./python_games/starPusherLevels.txt
./baiduyun/test/testdir/b.txt
./baiduyun/test/testdir/subdir/aa.txt
./baiduyun/test/testdir/汉字.txt
./baiduyun/test/testdir/a.txt
./baiduyun/requirements.txt

14、tar 打包

压缩

root@bananapi /home/pi # tar    -zcvf    1.tar.gz    ./1.txt
./1.txt
root@bananapi /home/pi # ls    1.tar.gz
1.tar.gz

解压缩

root@bananapi /home/pi # ls    1.txt
1.txt
root@bananapi /home/pi # rm    1.txt
root@bananapi /home/pi # ls    1.txt
ls: cannot access 1.txt: No such file or directory
root@bananapi /home/pi # tar    -zxvf    1.tar.gz
./1.txt
root@bananapi /home/pi # ls    1.txt
1.txt

15、date 日期时间

root@bananapi /home/pi # date
Wed Nov 23 10:15:09 CST 2016

16、rm 删除

root@bananapi /home/pi # ls    1.txt
1.txt
root@bananapi /home/pi # rm    1.txt
root@bananapi /home/pi # ls    1.txt  //删除后1.txt文件不存在
ls: cannot access 1.txt: No such file or directory

17、ps 查看进程

root@bananapi /home/pi # ps    aux | grep    nginx
root      2500  0.0  0.1  11568   916 ?        Ss   Nov22   0:00 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx
www-data  2501  0.0  0.1  11724  1140 ?        S    Nov22   0:12 nginx: worker process
www-data  2502  0.0  0.1  11724  1140 ?        S    Nov22   0:12 nginx: worker process
www-data  2503  0.0  0.1  11724  1140 ?        S    Nov22   0:12 nginx: worker process
www-data  2504  0.0  0.1  11724  1208 ?        S    Nov22   0:00 nginx: worker process
root      7727  0.0  0.0   3552   868 pts/0    S+   10:15   0:00 grep --color=auto --exclude-dir=.bzr --exclude-dir=CVS --exclude-dir=.git --exclude-dir=.hg --exclude-dir=.svn nginx

18、netstat -tnlp 查看端口号

root@bananapi /home/pi # netstat    -tnlp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State                  PID/Program name
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:3306                   0.0.0.0:*                  LISTEN               3013/mysqld
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80                       0.0.0.0:*                  LISTEN              2500/nginx
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:10902              0.0.0.0:*                  LISTEN              7498/ssh
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22                       0.0.0.0:*                  LISTEN              2589/sshd
tcp        0      0 192.168.199.118:50007    0.0.0.0:*                  LISTEN              3116/python2.7
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:10903               0.0.0.0:*                 LISTEN               3114/autossh
tcp6       0      0 ::1:10902                        :::*                         LISTEN               7498/ssh
tcp6       0      0 :::22                               :::*                         LISTEN               2589/sshd

19、chmod 改变权限

root@bananapi /home/pi # ls    -lrht    1.txt  //当前权限是所有者可读可写，所有者所属组成员只读，其他人只读
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6 Nov 23 10:11 1.txt
root@bananapi /home/pi # chmod    777    1.txt  //将1.txt的权限改为所有人可读可写可执行

20、chown 改变所有者

root@bananapi /home/pi # ls    -rlht    1.txt   //文件的所有者root,所属组root
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 6 Nov 23 10:11 1.txt
root@bananapi /home/pi # chown    pi.pi    1.txt   //将所有者和所属组都改为pi

root@bananapi /home/pi # ls    -lrht    1.txt
-rwxrwxrwx 1 pi pi 6 Nov 23 10:11 1.txt

21、head 查看头部内容

root@bananapi /home/pi # head    1.txt
1
one
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

22、tail 查看尾部内容

root@bananapi /home/pi # tail    1.txt
one
one
one
one
one
one
one
one
1
one

23、useradd 添加账号,userdel 删除账号

root账号的家目录 /root
普通账号的家目录 /home/账号名称
比如test的家目录 /home/test
账号的名称不能重复，比如已经创建了test账号，那么就不能再次创建该账号
所有创建的普通账号都在 /home/目录下

root@bananapi /home # useradd    -m    test  //创建一个用户test,那么在/home中多出一个test目录
root@bananapi /home # ls
pi  test
root@bananapi /home # userdel    -r    test    //删除一个用户test,那么在/home中少了一个test目录
root@bananapi /home # ls
pi

24、mkdir 创建文件夹

root@bananapi /home # ls    -rhlt
total 4.0K
drwxr-xr-x 30 pi pi 4.0K Nov 23 10:20 pi
root@bananapi /home # mkdir    newdir
root@bananapi /home # ls    -rlth
total 8.0K
drwxr-xr-x 30 pi   pi   4.0K Nov 23 10:20 pi
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root 4.0K Nov 23 10:26 newdir

root@bananapi /home # rmdir    newdir
root@bananapi /home # ls    -rlht
total 4.0K
drwxr-xr-x 30 pi pi 4.0K Nov 23 10:20 pi

25、init 0 关机

root@bananapi /home # init    0

26、ln 创建链接文件

root@bananapi /home # ln    -sv    /home/pi （已存在的目录)   pibak(任意一个名字)
`pibak' -> `pi'
root@bananapi /home # ls    -rhlt
total 4.0K
drwxr-xr-x 30 pi   pi   4.0K Nov 23 10:20 pi
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root    2 Nov 23 10:28 pibak -> pi

27、mount 加载

root@bananapi /home/pi # fdisk    -l
Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes
81 heads, 15 sectors/track, 803928 cylinders, total 976773168 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x84de61d8
   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1            2048   976773119   488385536   83  Linux
Disk /dev/mmcblk0: 7969 MB, 7969177600 bytes
4 heads, 16 sectors/track, 243200 cylinders, total 15564800 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000b5098
        Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/mmcblk0p1            8192      122879       57344    c  W95 FAT32 (LBA)
/dev/mmcblk0p2          122880    15564799     7720960   83  Linux
root@bananapi /home/pi # mount    /dev/sda1    /mnt/smallinchDisk

28、vim 编辑

参考http://www.lnmp.video/show_5035.html

29、apt-get 安装软件

root@bananapi /home/pi # apt-get    install    mysql
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following extra packages will be installed